Granuloma Inguinale - Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Granuloma Inguinale also known donovanosis. Granuloma Inguinale has reached endemic proportions in many underdeveloped regions. Granuloma Inguinale is a transmitted disease (STD) and caused by the bacterium Calymmatobacterium granulomatis that leads to chronic inflammation of the genitals and surface destruction and granuloma formation in the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Granuloma Inguinale is transmitted through activity with an infected partner. Women with granuloma inguinale can pass the disease onto their child during birth. The disease is commonly found in tropical and subtropical areas such as Southeast India, Guyana, and New Guinea, but it occurs on occasion in the United States, typically in the Southeast. About 50% of infected men and women have lesions in the anal area. There are approximately 100 cases reported per year in the United States. Men are affected more than twice as often as women, with most infections occurring in people aged 20-40 years. Granuloma inguinale is not highly contagious; however, persons with weakened immune systems are at greater risk of infection.

Granuloma Inguinale(GI) may be obtained through a fecal route or by passage through an infected birth canal. The disease also can be transmitted from mothers to newborns during delivery. Small, painless nodules appear after about 10–40 days of the contact with the bacteria. Later the nodules burst, creating open, fleshy, oozing lesions. The infection spreads, mutilating the infected tissue. The infection will continue to destroy the tissue until treated. Rarely, the wall or cervix is the site of the lesion. Antibiotics are prescribed for at least 3 weeks or until lesions heal, which may take months. Doxycycline, minocycline, erythromycin, and sulfamethoxazole are common treatments. Sores generally begin to clear within a week after initiating treatment and often heal completely in 5 weeks. Observation is necessary for about 6 months after successful treatment.

Causes of Granuloma Inguinale

Common Causes and Risk factors of Granuloma Inguinale

• C granulomatis.
• Donovania granulomatis.

Sign and Symptoms of Granuloma Inguinale

Common Sign and Symptoms of Granuloma Inguinale

• Upset stomach
• Gradual spreading.
• Diarrhea
• Depigmentation (loss of skin color) of the genitals and surrounding skin
• Rectal discomfort
• Small, painless nodules.
• Spread of disease to the inguinal folds.

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